How the Date Is Determined
Easter moves every year because it follows the moon, not a fixed date.
Easter has the trickiest date rule of any major American holiday. Western churches hold it on the first Sunday after the first full moon on or after March 21. They use an ecclesiastical full moon, meaning the church's set full-moon date, not the real one in the sky. The formula behind this is called the computus (the church's method for finding the Easter date). It was made standard after the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD. Because of the rule, Easter can land anywhere from March 22 to April 25. Eastern Orthodox churches use the older Julian calendar for the same rule. So Orthodox Easter usually falls one to five weeks later. Easter is always a Sunday, so it is not a federal holiday and needs no observed date.
History
Easter is the oldest Christian festival. It celebrates the resurrection of Jesus. Its English name likely comes from Eostre, a Germanic spring figure. Many American customs came with German immigrants. The Pennsylvania Dutch brought the egg-laying "Osterhase" hare in the 1700s. That hare is the ancestor of the Easter Bunny. The White House Easter Egg Roll began in 1878 under President Rutherford B. Hayes. It is still the White House's largest public event each year.
Traditions and Celebrations
American Easter mixes religious worship with springtime family traditions:
- Sunrise services and the year's highest church attendance.
- Egg hunts, egg dyeing, and Easter baskets filled with chocolate bunnies, jelly beans, and marshmallow Peeps.
- A family dinner built around ham or lamb.
- New spring outfits, the custom behind New York's Fifth Avenue Easter Parade.
The candy numbers are huge. Americans buy about 90 million chocolate bunnies and 1.5 billion Peeps each spring. That makes Easter second only to Halloween for candy sales. Easter lilies also come from European tradition. They fill churches and grocery stores through Holy Week.
Planning Around Easter
Easter falls on a Sunday, so most closures happen around it instead. Many school districts line up spring break with Holy Week. Markets close on Good Friday. Some businesses shorten their hours on Easter itself, including most major grocery and retail chains. The date can move by as much as five weeks. So check it early when you plan travel. The 2026 holidays calendar lists it next to every other holiday.